Affricates

/ʧ/

Sound pronunciation:

Examples:

• Cheap
• Child
• Match
• Chalk

Other Spellings:

• tch: butcher
• ture: picture
• t: question
• tune: fortune

Other important words:

• Cherry, lunch, chocolate, children, checking,

/ʤ/

There is no similar independent sound in Spanish. We can speal of a similar sound when we pronounce 'y' emphatically. This sound is usually written with the letters:

• j: joke
• g/e: German, gentleman, vegetables
• dj: adjust
• di: soldier

Palatoalveolar

/ʃ/

It doesn't exist in Spanih. In some parts of Andalucia and Extremadura it is used instead of 'ch',
for example (...)

It may appear in: 

• Initial: ship, shut, shave
• Medial: fishes, fashion, dishes,
• final: wash, crash, rush

This is sound is usually written withe the letters 'sh'.

• shop, shop, finish

Other spellings:

• Russia, russian, sugar, Schothish, Irish, Swedish. Danish,

/ʒ/

There is no similar sound in Spanish. To produce it follow the same steps as for /s/ and use your voice

because (...). This sound is not found in inital position (except for some Franch words):

• Medial: lesure, treasure.
• Initial: garage

Spelling

Thes sound /ʒ/ is usually written with the letters 's' or 'ge': usua, pleasure, television.

• vision, explosion, decision, exclusion.

Alveolar

/s/

We can find a similar sound in Spanish and although most students can pronounce it they tend to say [espuːn] instead of [spuːn]

Spelling:

The sound /s/ is usually written with the letter 's'

• 's': class, lesson, student,...
• 's': bicycle, exersize,...
• 'se': house, horse,..
• 'ce': policeman, face
• 'x' (pronounced /ks/): six, box, exercise.

/z/

There is no similar independent sound in Spanish, although when 's' precedes a voiced consonant, we can see it is very similar although with some differences. Remember to  use your voice to pronounce this sound. We may find this sound in English in:

• initial: zip, zoo, zebra
• medial: busy, crazy
• final: wise, days, loose, lose.

Note: both /z/ and /s/ are very important in English because they can represent the plural morphemes, the Saxon genitive and the third person singular present tense. 

Fricatives: Dental

/ð/ 

There is no similar independent sound in Spanish, although we can find a similar phoneme between vowels, e.g. lago, dedo, ... We should try do discriminate between /d/ and /ð/: they day, they did thad, etc. It is always written witht he letters 'th': 

• With
• Mother
• Brother
• Father
• Feather
• This
• Another

If the letters 'th' are at the end of a word the corresponding sound is voiceless: bath, With as it is a very

frequently used word it is pronounced. It may appear in: initial (then), medial (brother), frinal (bathe). 

//

It is very to the Spanish (...)

• Mouth
• Month
• Thirsty
• Three
• North
• South
• Through
• Throw
• Think.

Fricatives: labiodental

Examples:

• Fine
• View
• Think 
• This
• See
• Easy
• Sheeo
• Pleasure

/f/

Most students do not have difficulties with /f/. It may appear in initial (fish, find,,..), media or final

Spelling:

  -f: fine, flew, off

  -off: offer

  -ph: physics, phonetics

  -gh: laugh

/v/

We do not have this sound in Spanish because we usually replace it with /b/. It is helpful the contrast of the sound in isolation, begging, with /f/, for example: fino/vino; faca/vaca.

Spelling /v/

The sound /v/ is usually written with the leter 'v' (visitor, heavy, seven, eleven, seventeen, seventy). Other spellings: 

• ve: give, have, five, twelve.
• f: of but 'a bowl of fruit'. 

Plosive /k/-/g/

Spelling /k/

• K: king, kiss, kitten, make, sack, baker
• C: crue, cat, bacon,
• Ch: chemist, christmas, school.
• Que /kw/: quiant, queer, queen.
• Cqu /kw/: acquaint, acquire
• Qu /k/: conquer, luquor, atique
• X /ks/: box, lexicon

A muter 'k' can be found at the begining of a word followed by a n: knowledge

Spelling /g/

Voiced version of /k/. This sound is made at the back of the throat. It is usually 'g', overall when followed by 'a', 'u' or a consonant and whe it appears in final position: Gate, goat, great pig, big.

In some cases it is pronounced /ʤ/:

We can also find a mute "g" when it is followed by an "n" at the beggining of a word.

Or when it is followed by an "n" at the end of a word. 

Consonants

The standard English consonant system is traditionally considered to comprise:

• 17 obstruents (6 plosives, 2 affricates and 9 fricatives)
• 7 sonorants 83 nasals, 2 liquids, 2 semivowels).